Optimal Control Strategies of Fuel cell/Battery Based Zero-Emission Ships: A Survey

Abstract

Zero-emission ships (ZE-ships) concept has been introduced as a promising solution in reducing the greenhouse gases (GHG) emission in marine shipping industry. Among different solutions, Fuel cells (FCs) are introduced as one of the most efficient technologies for providing the propulsion force of the ZE-ships. Energy storage systems (ESSs) are also used as auxiliary resource to cover the fast dynamics of the loads the the FCs are not able to supply. Design and operation problem of ZE-ships has been investigated in the literature from different viewpoints. This paper provides a survey on available studies in the field of cost effective energy management of FC/ESS based ZE-ships. To this end, first, different studies in the literature are categorized from the viewpoint of energy management strategies (EMSs) and discussed Then other categories of the works such as auxiliary energy resources, problem objectives, and simulation methods are also provided.