Therapeutic Targets in Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Comprehensive Overview

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, with a prevalence of about 10%. Hyperandrogenism, anovulation, polycystic ovarian morphology, and related hormonal and metabolic abnormalities are its hallmarks. This review focuses on the pathophysiologic landmarks, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies, including hormonal, metabolic, and pharmacological interventions associated with PCOS. Comprehensive literature collection was conducted using various scientific databases, including PubMed, PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, focusing on Rotterdam criteria, which include the presence of at least two of the following features: oligo- or anovulation, clinical signs of hyperandrogenism, elevated free androgen index levels in serum, and polycystic ovaries on sonography. The endocrine dysfunctions include hyperandrogenism (causing hirsutism and acne), anovulation with irregular menstruation, and multiple ovarian follicles. Management is individualized based on symptoms and fertility goals. Diagnosis is challenging due to the absence of a single definitive test, as PCOS is a multifactorial disorder. This review helps in the management and diagnosis of PCOS, and it is mainly based on the Rotterdam criteria and involves multiple pharmacological and supportive strategies.