(2,1)-Fuzzy sets: properties, weighted aggregated operators and their applications to multi-criteria decision-making methods

Abstract

Orthopair fuzzy sets are fuzzy sets in which every element is represented by a pair of values in the unit interval, one of which refers to membership and the other refers to non-membership. The different types of orthopair fuzzy sets given in the literature are distinguished according to the proposed constrain for membership and non-membership grades. The aim of writing this manuscript is to familiarize a new class of orthopair fuzzy sets called “(2,1)-Fuzzy sets” which are good enough to control some real-life situations. We compare (2,1)-Fuzzy sets with IFSs and some of their celebrated extensions. Then, we put forward the fundamental set of operations for (2,1)-Fuzzy sets and investigate main properties. Also, we define score and accuracy functions which we apply to rank (2,1)-Fuzzy sets. Moreover, we reformulate aggregation operators to be used with (2,1)-Fuzzy sets. Finally, we develop the successful technique “aggregation operators” to handle multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems in the environment of (2,1)-Fuzzy sets. To show the effectiveness and usability of the proposed technique in MCDM problems, an illustrative example is provided.