Quantization of total fumonisins produced by Fusarium verticillioides strains in some maize and sorghum genotypes by ELISA

Abstract

Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most prevalent Fusarium species on maize and sorghum, causing Fusarium ear rot and sorghum grain mold in warm and humid regions of Iran. The pathogen produces potent mycotoxins known as fumonisins. In order to determine mycotoxin (fumonisins) production on different maize and sorghum genotypes, a field trial was carried out based on a randomized complete block design with 10 treatments and three replications for each crop at Gorgan station in 2010. The ears of corn plants were inoculated by spore suspension of the mixture of some virulent F. verticillioides isolates using an ear inoculation method (Nail Punch). The sorghum panicles were also inoculated by spraying of spore suspension isolates at f lowering stage. All infected kernels were evaluated by ELISA kits (AgraQuant Fumonisin Kit; Romer Labs, Austria) for their total fumonisins production at the physiological maturing stage. All genotypes showed statistically significant difference in their fumonisin production in Gorgan. The results of fumonisins analysis obtained from ELISA test showed that lines 1 (Resistant) and 3 (Susceptible) with 2.4 ppm and 13.7 ppm had the least and highest amount of total fumonisins respectively among all maize genotypes. Also among all sorghum genotypes, genotypes 10 and 6 with 0.2 ppm and 4.8 ppm had the least and the highest amount of total fumonisins respectively. The results of this experiment demonstrated that fumonisin production level in maize kernels (maybe as maize kernels are the main host of this fungus) was significantly higher than sorghum kernels in Gorgan region.Fusarium verticilliodes je jedna od najrasprostranjenijih Fusarium vrsta na kukuruzu i sirku i izaziva truljenje klipa kukuruza i plesnivost zrna sirka u toplim i vlaznim podrucjima Irana. Ova patogena gljiva proizvodi jake mikotoksine poznate kao fumonizini. U cilju odredjivanja stvaranja mikotoksina (fumonizina) na razlicitim genotipovima kukuruza i sirka postavljen je ogled po slucajnom complete-block dizajnu sa 10 tretmana i 3 ponavljanja za svaki rod na lokaciji Gorgan 2010. godine. Klipovi kukuruza su inokulirani tehnikom busenja sa suspenzijom spora koja predstavlja mesavinu nekih virulentnih F. verticilliodes izolata. Metlice sirka su inokulirane prskanjem suspenzije izolata koja sadrzi spore u vreme cvetanja. Sva inficirana zrna su pomocu ELISA kitova (AgraQuant Fumonisin Kit; Romer Labs, Austria) ocenjivana u pogledu ukupne proizvodnje fumonizina u fizioloskoj fazi sazrevanja. Svi genotipovi su pokazali statisticki znacajnu razliku u proizvodnji fumonizina na lokaciji u Gorganu. Rezultati dobijeni ELISA testom su pokazali da su linija 1 (otpor- na) i linija 3 (osetljiva) sa 2,4 ppm odnosno 13,7 ppm linije sa najvecim odnosno najmanjim sadrzajem ukupnih fumonizina kod svih genotipova kukuruza. Kod sirka, genotip 10 i genotip 6 sa 0,2 ppm odnosno 4,8 ppm su imali najveci odnosno najmanji ukupni sadrzaj fumonizina. Rezultati naseg ekeprimenta u regionu Gorgan su pokazali da je nivo stvaranja fumonizina u zrnu kukuruza (mozda zbog toga sto je kukuruzno zrno glavni domacin ove gljivice) bio znatno veci nego u zrnu sirka.