Factors Affecting Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis among Tuberculosis Patients in West Ethiopia

Abstract

Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a life threatening disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis: that are transmitted from person to person by coughing or sneezing, close contact of TB patients are most likely to become infected [1]. In 2016, there were an estimated 1.3 million TB deaths among HIV negative people (down from 1.7 million in 2000) and an additional 374 000 deaths among HIV-positive people. An estimated 10.4 million people (90% adults; 65% male; 10% people living with HIV) fell ill with TB in 2016 (i.e. were incident cases) [2]. Most of the estimated number of incident cases in 2016 occurred in the WHO SouthEast Asia Region (45%), the WHO African Region (25%) and the WHO Western Pacific Region (17%); smaller proportions of cases occurred in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (7%), the WHO European Region (3%) and the WHO Region of the Americas (3%). The top five countries, with 56% of estimated cases, were (in descending order) India, Indonesia, China, the Philippines and Pakistan [2]. In developing countries the incidence of TB has been increasing steadily since the 1990s, particularly in African countries. Several European countries have lately reported a slight increase in TB, but these are mostly related to immigrants from high-incidence countries [3]. According to the 2015 global, tuberculosis report tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem [4]. Over 95% of new TB cases and deaths occur in low and middle income countries [5] the highest incidence of TB and the highest number of deaths due to TB occur in Asia and Saharan Africa [6]. The case fatality rate has exceeded 50% in some African countries where HIV infection rates are high [6-9]. The Stop TB Partnership has developed a Global Plan to End TB, 2016-2020, which focuses on the actions and funding needed to reach the 2020 milestones of the End TB Strategy. The End TB Strategy goal is to "End the global TB epidemic". The 2035 targets are a 95% reduction in TB deaths and a 90% reduction in the TB incidence rate, compared with levels in 2015. The 2030 targets are a 90% reduction in TB deaths and an 80% reduction in the TB incidence rate, compared with levels in 2015. The most immediate milestones, set for 2020, are a 35% reduction in TB deaths and a 20% reduction in the TB incidence rate, compared with levels in 2015. The percentage of TB-affected households that experience catastrophic costs as a result of TB disease; the milestone for 2020 is zero, to be sustained thereafter [2]. Abstract Background: Tuberculosis is a life threatening disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. In developing countries the incidence of tuberculosis has been increasing steadily since the 1990s, particularly in African countries. Several European countries have lately reported a slight increase in tuberculosis, but these are mostly related to immigrants from high-incidence countries.