Prevalence, Incidence, and Temporal Trend of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Its Association with Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in High and Low-Middle Income Countries: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are the predominant pregnancy complication in both high and low-middle-income countries. The age-standardized incidence rate and the absolute incidence number of HDP in low-middle-income countries are 2-fold and 4-fold higher than in high-income countries in 2021, respectively. However, the reduction in the age-standardized prevalence rate (-41.1% vs.-8.7%) and incidence rate (40.8% vs.-7.1%) of HDP is ≈5-fold faster in low-middle income countries compared with high-income countries between 1990 and 2021. Moreover, HDP is significantly associated with the increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and perinatal mortality in both high and lowmiddle-income countries. In the current review, we have highlighted the prevalence, incidence, and temporal trend of HDP and its association with adverse perinatal outcomes in high and low-middle-income countries.