Risks Factor of Particulate Matter (PM10) and Acute Respiratory Infection in Community at Urban Area

Abstract

Background and Objective: Diseases Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) is a disease caused by particulate matter (PM10) and housing conditions are bad/poor in urban. This study objectives to determine the relationship between the levels of particulate matter (PM10) of home air quality and the incidence of the acute respiratory infection in the community living in the working area of Dahlia Health Center, Makassar city. Methodology: The study type used the case control study design and the samples were chosen using the Purposive Stratified Random Sampling technique. The total samples comprised 195 respondents. The data about the physical condition of the houses were collected using the measurement (case 65 and control 130 or 1:2), while other variables were collected through observation and interviews using questionnaires. Results: The study results obtained using the chi square test indicated that the variables which had a significant relationship with the Incidence of the acute respiratory infection of the respondents living in the study area of Dahlia Health Center were PM10 in the houses (p<0.000), BMI (p<0.020), ventilation (p<0.031), while the variables which did not have a relationship were the temperature (p>0.216), humidity (p>0.360) and smoking in house (p>0.712). It is calculated that odd’s ratio with 95% confidence interval using logistic regression model were PM10 and acute respiratory infection (OR: 29.177, 95% CI: 3.172-268.341, p<0.003, age OR: 0.127, 95% CI: 0.015-1.096, p>0.061. Conclusion: Particulate matter (PM10) in the home meet the requirements of health and change the behavior of blocking the vents to increase the flow of fresh air from outside into the house.