Fruits Malformation, Size and Yield in Relation to Nitrogen Nutrition and Nursery Plants in Large Fruited Strawberry (Fragaria^|^times;ananassa Duch. cv. Ai-Berry)

Abstract

Yield components and occurrence of fruit malformation in`Aiin`Ai-Berry' (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) were investigated with two rates of nitrogen application (0 and 100 kg/ha) and six kinds of nursery plants; two kinds of pot-grown plants (grown at 20 and 1200 m in elevation) and four kinds of field-grown plants with two rates of nitrogen application (0 and 60 kg/ha) and two rooting time (late July and late August). Nitrogen application (100 kg/ha) hastened flowering and increased the number of flowers on the 1st inflorescences. However, fruit malformation occurred more severely than in plants without nitrogen application and increase in ratio of small fruits (<20 g) resulted in reduction of total yield. Highest yield of normal large fruits (>_ 30 g) was obtained in smallest field-grown plants (rooted late August without nitrogen application in the nursery). Nitrogen application was less effective in these plants. Pot-grown plants and field-grown plants rooted in late July bore more flowers on the 1st inflorescence but produced smaller fruits than others. Yield of total and normal large fruits were negatively correlated with the number of flowers on the 1st inflorescence. •• OE¾ 'å ‰Ê OEn ‚Ì ƒCƒ`ƒCƒ`ƒS(.F ‡r˜q‡r˜q ƒ¿ •~‰¾ ƒ¿ ƒÅ ƒ¿ •èƒ¿Duch.)`ˆ¤ ƒx ƒŠ •['‚Í`-í •g'‚Ì Ž© •B OEn•~`•ó OEð '• • ¶'‚Ì OEð ŽGŽÀ • ¶ ‚©‚ç'I "² ‚³ ‚ê ‚½•i Ží ‚Å,70•`809‚Ì ‰Ê ŽÀ‚ª "¾‚ç‚ê ‚é ‚¤ ‚¦ ‚É'½ Žû•« ‚Å‚ ‚é ‚± ‚AE ‚©‚ç '•-Ú‚ð•W‚ß ‚Ä‚¢ ‚é(10).‚µ ‚©‚µ, •³ •í ‚É"-ˆç ‚· ‚ê ‚Î 'å ‰Ê ‚AE ‚È ‚é Še‰Ê-[ ‚Ì •ã ˆÊ‰Ê ‚Å‚Í,‰Ê ŽÀ•ae'[ •" ‚É•s-«Ží Žq ‚ð ‚AE‚à ‚È ‚¤Šï OE`‰Ê ‚ª '½"-‚µ,•Í "| •ã ‚Ì 'å ‚« ‚È-â'è ‚AE‚È ‚Á‚Ä‚¢ ‚é. `ˆ¤ƒx ƒŠ •['‚Ì •ã ˆÊ ‰Ê ‚É'Î ‚µ‚ÄŠJ ‰Ô8"úOEã‚Ü‚Å•l •HŽó•² 1990"N1OEŽ10"ú Žó-•.'å ‰Ê OEn ƒCƒ`ƒCƒ`ƒS‚Ì Šï OE`‰Ê "-• ¶ ‚É ŠÖ ‚· ‚éOE¤ ‹ †.'ae2•ñ.-{ •ñ •• ‚Ì ŠT-v ‚Í1989"N ‰€ OE|Šw‰ï •t ‹G'å ‰ï ‚É‚¨‚¢‚É‚¨‚¢ ‚Ä"-•\ ‚µ‚½. *OE»•Ý:•• •ì 'å Šw"_Šw •". **OE» •Ý:•M •B'å Šw"_Šw •". ‚ð•s ‚¦ ‚Î,Šï OE`‰Ê ‚Ì "-• ¶ ‚ª OEy OE¸‚³ ‚ê ‚é ‚± ‚AE‚© ‚ç,ŠJ ‰Ô Žž‚É‰Ô 'ï •ae'[ •" ‚Ì Ž"‚¸‚¢‚¸‚¢ ‚ª-¢ •¬ •n ‚Å,•³ •í ‚ÉŽó•² Žó•¸ ‚¹ ‚¸‚É‚¸‚É•s-« ‚AE‚È ‚éOE‹‰Ê,•" •ª "I ‚È‰Ô 'ï "-ˆç •s-Ç ‚É ‚ae ‚Á ‚ÄŠï OE`‰Ê ‚ª "-• ¶ ‚· ‚é ‚AE •l ‚¦ ‚ç‚ê ‚é.‚µ ‚© ‚µ,‚± ‚Ì •û-@ ‚Å‚Í Šï OE`‰Ê "-• ¶ ‚ðŠ®'S ‚É-h Ž~‚· ‚é ‚± ‚AE‚Í ‚Å ‚« ‚È‚¢ ‚± ‚AE ‚ð 'O•ñ(15)‚É ‚¨‚¢‚¨‚¢ ‚Ä•ñ •• ‚µ‚½.ƒC ƒ` ƒS‚Ì ‰Ô •Ù ‚Í ŠJ‰Ô4 •`5"ú OEã‚É‚Í-£ 'E ‚µ ,‚» ‚Ì OEã‚Í ƒ~ƒcƒo ƒ` ‚Ì-K‰Ô ‚ª ‚Ù ‚AE ‚ñ ‚Ç"F ‚ß ‚ç ‚ê ‚È ‚-‚È ‚é.ƒ~ ƒcƒo ƒ` ˆÈŠO‚Ì •û-@‚É ‚ae‚Á‚Ä OE •X‚Ì ‰Ô ‚Ì •l •HŽó•² ‚ð•s ‚¤ ‚± ‚AE ‚Í ŽÀ •Û•Í "| •ã ‚Í ‹É ‚ß ‚Ä •¢ "ï ‚Å‚ ‚é ‚± ‚AE ‚© ‚ç,Šî-{"I ‚É ‚Í ŠJ‰Ô Žž‚Ì Ž"‚¸‚¢‚¸‚¢ ‚Ì "-ˆç •· ‚ð•-‚È ‚-‚· ‚é •Í "| ŠÇ-••ð OE•‚ɂ‚¢ ‚Ä‚Ì 'mOE© ‚ª •K-v ‚Å‚ ‚é. •Í "| OE»'n ‚Ì Ž-á ‚©‚ç"» 'f ‚µ‚Ä,`ˆ¤ ƒx ƒŠ •['‚Ì Šï OE`‰Ê "-• ¶ ‚ɂ‚¢ ‚Ä‚Í,ˆê "Ê"I ‚É •Þ•ê ‚Ì "r •…•« ‚ª-Ç •D‚È•» Ž¿"y 727