Impact of Climate Change on Drought: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

This paper investigates the influence of climate change on drought events, with a particular emphasis on the global implications, severity, and frequency of droughts that are intensified by evolving climatic conditions. The interplay of high temperatures and low precipitation has resulted in intensified droughts, particularly flash droughts, as climate change accelerates atmospheric water demand. The study examines a variety of droughts, including meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and socioeconomic, and emphasizes their cascading effects on human health, water resources, ecosystems, and agriculture. Additionally, the investigation explores the mitigation strategies necessary to mitigate drought risks and provides policymakers with suggestions for the development of sustainable water management practices and the improvement of resilience in vulnerable regions. This article emphasizes the pressing necessity of a proactive strategy for drought preparedness in light of the ongoing evolution of climate variability. HIGHLIGHTS m Droughts are becoming more severe around the world as a result of climate change, with serious consequences for water supplies, ecosystems, agriculture and human health. m Flash droughts, caused by high temperatures and low precipitation, are becoming more often and severe as a result of atmospheric feedback mechanisms. m Droughts lower agricultural production, impair water quality, endanger biodiversity, and worsen food and water scarcity. m Building resilience requires sustainable practices such as drought-resistant crops, efficient irrigation systems, and the integration of indigenous knowledge. m Future research should concentrate on high-resolution regional models and cross-sectoral approaches to better anticipate and mitigate drought effects.