Kultur Antera untuk Percepatan Perakitan Varietas Padi di Indonesia

Abstract

Rice is a staple food crop in Indonesia, while the need is increasing due to high rice consumption as well as population increase. The problems can be solved through increase of national rice production. Productivity of lowland and upland should be increased intensively and other potential dry area outside Java and Bali Islands should be considered for extending the area of production. Recently, high yielding variety such as semi dwarf variety, hybrid rice, and new plant type of rice were being developed by Indonesian breeders. However, new method is needed to complement conventional breeding method in order to accelerate rice breeding. Anther culture is one of in vitro culture techniques that can be used to accelerate the obtainment of pure lines through doubled-haploids (DHs) regenerated at first generation of culture for less than one year. Thus, application of anther culture in conventional breeding will increase the efficiency of selection process as well as reducing the cost for labour, land and breeder’s time. The obtainment of green plantlets derived from anther culture of indica rice subspecies has been improved by the addition of 1 mM putrescine into induction and regeneration media. Recently, several upland rice lines tolerant to abiotic stresses (i.e. low light intensity and aluminum toxicity) and biotic stresses (i.e. leaf and neck blast), several lowland rice/paddy lines tolerant to biotic stresses (i.e. bacterial leaf blight and blast), and several hybrid parental lines (i.e. male sterile, maintainer and restorer) were obtained in 2-3 years from several rice breeding program involving anther culture. However, potential use anther culture to provide unique genetic material for mapping populations for use in functional genomics and molecular breeding has not been explored. The results indicated that anther culture is a feasible technology that can be used for accelerating rice breeding program in Indonesia.