Taro Fiber: A Comprehensive Review of Extraction, Properties, Applications, and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Taro fiber, derived from the Colocasia esculenta plant, has gained attention as a sustainable alternative to synthetic and conventional natural fibers. This review explores extraction techniques, physicochemical properties, modifications, applications, and future directions of taro fiber. Taro fiber contains a high proportion of cellulose, offers low density, and demonstrates competitive tensile strength. These characteristics support its suitability for applications in textiles, biocomposites, biomedical devices, packaging, and environmental remediation. Recent developments in enzymatic retting, mechanical decortication, and green chemical treatments have enhanced extraction efficiency and quality. However, challenges such as scalability, economic viability, and environmental concerns require targeted solutions. This review identifies key research gaps including limited life cycle assessments, insufficient in vivo biocompatibility data, and lack of standardized industrial protocols. Future work should focus on sustainable production methods, advanced functionalization, integration into circular economy frameworks, and interdisciplinary collaboration to unlock the full potential of taro fiber across sectors.