Determinants of Audit Committee Effectiveness in Ghana's Public Sector: A Focus on Committee Membership Characteristics

Abstract

Ghana has enacted various policies and programmes, often with support from international agencies, to strengthen public sector financial management. These efforts aim to mitigate mismanagement and misappropriation of public financial resources, yet many reform policies have yielded suboptimal outcomes. A critical examination of Ghana's financial reform initiatives reveals a notable oversight: none adequately recognize the role of audit committees (ACs) as a governance mechanism, which diverges from international standards and best practices in public sector financial management. This study aims to identify and analyze the determinants influencing the effectiveness of ACs within Ghana's public institutions. The research was motivated by persistent financial infractions and irregularities documented in the Auditor-General's annual reports. An Interactive Qualitative Analysis (IQA) approach was employed to facilitate a focus group session, through which data were gathered, analyzed, and interpreted. Key factors, or affinities, impacting AC effectiveness were identified, including AC member characteristics, inter-stakeholder coordination, funding allocation, meeting frequency and attendance, AC independence, internal audit function (IAF) autonomy, institutional management commitment, the nature of the audited institution, regulatory policies governing ACs, political influence, professional competence of internal auditors, and the quality of quality control processes and recommendations. These affinities were validated through participant interpretation and researcher refinement. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on public sector audit governance by addressing a critical gap concerning the role of ACs in Ghana. By establishing an effective governance mechanism, this research seeks to enhance the strategic oversight and accountability of public financial resources in Ghana's public institutions.