Formulation and characterization of mangostin in chitosan nanoparticles coated by sodium alginate, sodium silicate, and polyethylene glycol

Abstract

Context: mangostin, one of the xanthone derivative compounds isolated from Garcinia mangostana L. peel extract, has an excellent anticancer efficacy. However, mangostin has a lack of site specificity, poor cells selectivity, and low aqueous solubility. Polymeric nanoparticles formulation can be used to solve these problems. Aim: Therefore, the main aim of this study was to develop polymeric nanoparticles of mangostin-based chitosan (M-Ch) coated by sodium alginate (M-Ch/Al), sodium silicate (M-Ch/Si), and polyethylene glycol 6000 (M-Ch/PEG). Materials and Methods: Polymeric nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method with the spray pyrolysis technique. Optimized formula was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, particle size, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results: M-Ch/Al, M-Ch/Si, and M-Ch/PEG Nanoparticles were successfully prepared with the range of particle size approximately 200-400nm. The XRD patterns and DSC thermograms of M-Ch/Al showed an amorphous state, whereas M-Ch/Si and M-Ch/PEG indicated low crystalline forms. In addition, M-Ch/Al had the highest entrapment efficiency (98.33% ± 0.06%) compared to M-Ch/Si (70.46% ± 8.93%), and M-Ch/PEG (92.24% ± 10.98%). Conclusion: These results suggest that M-Ch/Al has the potential to enhance the physicochemical properties of mangostin for further formulation as an anticancer agent.