Mitochondrial DNA variant for complex I reveals a role in diabetic cardiac remodeling

Abstract

Myocardial remodeling and dysfunction are serious complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Factors controlling their development are not well established. To specifically address the role of the mitochondrial genome, we developed novel conplastic rat strains, i.e. strains with the same nuclear genome but a different mitochondrial genome. The new animals were named T2DNmtFHH and T2DNmtWistar, where the acronym T2DN denotes their common nuclear genome (type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) rats) and mtFHH or mtWistar the origin of their mitochondria, Fawn Hooded Hypertensive (FHH) or Wistar rats, respectively. The T2DNmtFHH and T2DN mtWistarshowed a similar progression of diabetes as determined by HbA1c, cholesterol, and triglycerides with normal blood pressure, thus enabling investigation of the specific role of the mitochondrial genome in cardiac function without the confounding effects of obesity or hypertension found in other models of diabetes. Echocardiographic analysis of 12-week-old animals showed no abnormalities, but at 12 months of age the T2DNmtFHH showed left ventricular remodeling that was verified by histology. Decreased complex I and complex IV but not complex II activity within the electron transport chain was found only in T2DNmtFHH, which was not explained by differences in protein content. Decreased cardiac ATP levels in T2DNmtFHH were in agreement with a lower ATP synthetic capacity by isolated mitochondria. Together, our data provide experimental evidence thatmtDNAsequence variations have an additional role in energetic heart deficiency. The mitochondrial DNA background may explain the increased susceptibility of certain T2DM patients to develop myocardial dysfunction.