Reference Architectures for Closing the IT/OT Gap

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an allegory for the concept of seamlessly connecting intelligent devices. Its application in the industrial domain envisions a next-generation manufacturing industry. Initiatives such as Industry 4.0 promise higher flexibility, improved quality and productivity. Nonetheless, the enhancements cause an increased complexity in a factory and its organisation as they require a seamless collaboration between all involved units, technological systems and individuals. One way of coping with the extended additional complexity is by utilising Architectural Reference Models (ARMs). State-of-the-art architectures combine different perspectives with a standard model to accommodate design choices, remove knowledge barriers and link the physical and virtual realm. This chapter introduces the basic concepts behind architectural designs and points out historical connections and differences between current ARMs. Moreover, it addresses the needs of converging the historically separated Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) and exemplifies in a use case how ARMs can assist in closing the gap. Finally, the chapter serves as a foundation for the following chapters, introducing architectural concepts like cloud, fog and edge computing.