Research progress of geopolymer materials prepared from solid waste and their applications

Abstract

Geopolymers are a type of environmentally inorganic polymer cementitious materials with a 3D network of silico-aluminate structures. They feature higher performances compared with ordinary Portland cement, including stronger mechanical properties, better durability, and lower energy consumption. Fly ash, sludge incineration residue, slag red mud, and other solid wastes can be used as raw materials for their production. In addition, geopolymers are great candidates for building materials, road repair, and wastewater adsorption. In this paper, we discuss state-of-the-art reaction mechanisms for alkali- and acid-activated geopolymer materials. More specifically, we focused on the sources of solid waste used in geopolymer production and the primary application fields for geopolymer materials. At the same time, their key virtues and deficiencies were also analyzed and discussed. The latter opened venues for efficient commercial utilization of solid wastes with high added value. Thus, we provided a comprehensive background for further studies of geopolymer materials and their potential engineering applications.