Solar Cycle Related Changes at the Base of the Convection Zone

Abstract

The frequencies of solar oscillations are known to change with solar activity. We use principal component analysis to examine these changes with high precision. In addition to the well-documented changes in solar normal mode oscillations with activity as a function of frequency, which originate in the surface layers of the Sun, we find a small but statistically significant change in frequencies with an origin at and below the base of the convection zone. We find that at r=(0.712+0.0097-0.0029) Rsolar, the change in sound speed is deltac2/c2=(7.23+/-2.08)×10-5 between high and low activity. This change is very tightly correlated with solar activity. In addition, we use the splitting coefficients to examine the latitudinal structure of these changes. We find changes in sound speed correlated with surface activity for r>~0.9 Rsolar.