Thiourea-Mediated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets, Their Cytotoxic Impacts on Human Prostate Cancer Cells, and Their Antibacterial Effects against E. coli Mastitis

Abstract

This study was aimed at determining the cytotoxic efficacy of graphene oxide (GO) and thiourea-reduced oxide (T-rGO) nanosheets against human prostate cancer cells and their antibacterial activity against E. coli mastitis. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the physicochemical properties of the fabricated GO and T-rGO. The cytotoxicity of GO and T-rGO in human prostate cancer cells was examined using cell survival test, DNA laddering, and cell cycle analysis. The antibacterial effectiveness of GO and T-rGO was tested using E. coli mastitis. The study revealed that cell viability was lowered by GO and T-rGO in a concentration-dependent trend. The production of reactive oxygen species and hydroxyl radicals was found to increase following the treatment. DNA was harmed because of oxidative stress, causing laddering. Both GO and T-rGO demonstrated good antibacterial activity against E. coli mastitis. The findings of this research work provide insightful information about functional graphene derivatives for potential biomedical applications, primarily cancer treatment.