Spatial and temporal evolution of the photoinitiation rate for thick polymer systems illuminated by polychromatic light: Selection of efficient photoinitiators for LED or mercury lamps

Abstract

Background: Four common free radical photoinitiators were evaluated for use in thick photopolymerizations illuminated with a medium-pressure 200 W mercury-xenon arc lamp and a high-intensity 400 nm light-emitting diode (LED) lamp. For each photoinitiator/lamp combination, the spatial and temporal evolution of the photoinitiation rate profile was analyzed by solving the set of differential equations that govern the light intensity gradient and initiator concentration gradient for polychromatic illumination. Results: The simulation results revealed that two of the four photoinitiators evaluated were ineffective for photoinitiating thick polymer systems. The photoinitiator bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphine oxide, in combination with the 400 nm LED lamp, was shown to be the most efficient photoinitiator/ light source combination for photoinitiation of thick systems. Conclusion: The results show that some photoinitiators commonly used for photopolymerization of thin coatings are ineffective for curing thick systems. LED light sources provide advantages over traditional mercury lamps, and may have tremendous potential in the effective photoinitiation of thick polymer systems. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry.