The Use of Celery ( Apium Graveolens L.) for Reducing Blood Pressure in Individual with Hypertension in Indonesia: A Review Paper

Abstract

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) contains active compounds that can help lowering blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to present an overview of the effectiveness of celery administration in reducing blood pressure of people with hypertention based on studies performed in Indonesia. Two digital reference databases, Google Scholar and Research Gate were used for eligible studies. Keywords to obtain the eligible studies were "apium", "hypertension", "celery", and "blood pressure" with the period of publication from 2011-2021. Inclusion criteria included full text articles in Indonesian language or English published in Indonesian indexed journal called Sinta (S1-4) or Scopus indexed journal through the Scimago website (Q1-Q4), and experimental study in subjects with hyperten-sion by celery administration. There were 7 sudies included in this review with the number and age of respondents varied from 5 to 78 participants and 20 years to elderly, respectively. The provision of celery was varied including celery boiled water, celery juice, celery leaves extract, simplicia or dried celery leaves, and celery steeping for the various duration of intervention from 3 to 56 days. Of all the studies, 6 articles reported a decrease in systolic and diastolyc blood pressure from 6.13 mmHg to 30 mmHg and from 2.9 mmHg to 13.67 mmHg, respectively. The studies concluded that the celery administration was effective in the lowering blood pressure for the individual with hypertension, with p-values before and after the intervention varied from 0.000 to 0.005, while for the studies used the positive control groups showed no difference in the decrease in the blood pressure between the 2 groups.