The variability of leaf anatomical characteristics of Solanum nigrum L. (Solana-les, Solanaceae) from different habitats

Abstract

In Europe on the whole as well as in Yugoslavia, the most widespread weed species from the genus Solanum is Solanum nigrum L. Since this species inhabits different habitats, it developed several ways of adaptation to environmental conditions. The influence of ecological factors on plant organism and resulting plant adaptations are most evident in leaf morphology and anatomy. Therefore, the anatomical structure of leaves and leaf epidermal tissue of S. nigrum was analyzed and compared among plants that originated from different habitats, in order to determine leaf structural adaptations. S. nigrum lamina has the mesomorphic structure with some xero-heliomorphic adaptations. The differences in stomata number, number of hairs, thickness of lamina, palisade and spongy tissue, as well as the size of mesophyll cells have been noticed. The highest values for most of the parameters have been recorded for the plants from cultivated soil. Largest variations of the examined characters were found for the leaves from ruderal habitats, where environmental conditions are most variable.Na podrucju Evrope i Jugoslavije najrasprostranjenija korovska vrsta iz roda Solanum je Solanum nigrum L. Kako ova vrsta naseljava veoma razlicita stanista, razvila je nekoliko nacina prilagodjavanja uslovima spoljasnje sredine. Poznato je da list najvise i najbrze reaguje na uticaje spoljasnje sredine, te se u njegovoj morfoloskoj i anatomskoj gradji najbolje ogleda uticaj ekoloskih faktora na biljni organizam. Stoga je analizirana anatomska gradja liske i pokoricnog tkiva liske ove vrste i uporedjena je kod biljaka sa razlicitih tipova stanista, radi utvrdjivanja njihovih strukturnih adaptacija. Liska S. nigrum je mezomorfne gradje, sa izvesnim ksero-heliomorfnim adaptacijama. Kod listova biljaka koje poticu sa razlicitih stanista ustanovljene su razlike u broju stoma na oba epidermisa, dlakavosti, debljini liske, palisadnog i sundjerastog tkiva, kao i u velicini celija mezofila. Najvece vrednosti za vecinu merenih parametara dobijene su kod biljaka sa obradivog zemljista. Ispitivani parametri su najvise varirali kod liski biljaka sa ruderalnog stanista, gde su i uslovi spoljasnje sredine najvarijabilniji.