Trajectories of Efficacy and Cognitive Function During Electroconvulsive Therapy Course in Young Adults with Treatment-Resistant Depression

Abstract

Objective: Little is known about the effectiveness and cognitive side-effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in young adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The primary aim of this prospective longitudinal observational trial was to examine the clinical features and cognitive outcomes of young adults with TRD undergoing ECT. Methods: Changes in depressive symptoms and objective and subjective cognitive function were assessed using repeated evaluation at baseline, after each ECT session, and at one-month follow-up using the Montgomery-Äsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Forward Digital Span Test (FDST), and part of the Columbia Subjective Side Effects Schedule. Results: Of 41 inpatients, 35 (85.4%) and 12 (29.3%) met the criteria for response and remission after ECT, respectively. The greatest clinical improvements occurred during the first 3-4 ECT sessions. While 34 patients reported subjective cognitive impairment increased with ECT, immediate and delayed memory (RBANS) significantly increased after ECT, consistent with FDST results. Objective cognition significantly improved during follow-up, but subjective cognition remained impaired. Conclusion: ECT is effective in young adults with TRD. Although subjective cognitive impairment increased during treatment, objective cognitive impairments were not observed.