Community participation patterns among autistic adults and associated characteristics: A latent class analysis

Abstract

Background: Community participation can buffer stress and anxiety and improve quality of life for autistic adults. While the participation of autistic adults is known to be lower than the general population, it is not known if subgroups exist based on the degree of interest in participation or amounts of participation among those who are interested. Method: This study uses Latent Class Analysis to identify subgroups based on the number of important areas and engagement in important activities, and the demographic, clinical, social, and environmental features of these subgroups. Cross-sectional data from 816 autistic adults aged 18–72 from a large, statewide survey were used. Results: Latent Class Analysis resulted in a good-fitting four class solution: Low Importance of Participation (33%); High Importance-Low Participation (16%); High Importance-Moderate Participation (22%); High Importance-High Participation (29%). Autistic adults in the Low Importance group were more likely to have fewer years of education, live with family members, and less likely to have an intellectual disability. Among the classes where participation was important, compared to adults in the Moderate Participation class, those in the Low Participation class were more likely to live in an isolated environment, such as rural areas or supported living facilities, and those in the High Participation class had more satisfying relationships and fewer unmet service needs. Conclusions: Study findings have implications for more efficient and effective service planning and delivery that enhances participation interests and amount of community participation to align with interests.