The Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and the Level of Fasting C Peptide Among Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) indicated by elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, alongside assessing the association between fasting C peptide levels and uncontrolled T2DM, considering their roles in β-cell function and insulin secretion. The study employs a cohort design, selecting individuals diagnosed with T2DM aged 18 years or older with baseline data on vitamin D, fasting C peptide, and HbA1c. Data were collected through electronic medical records and follow-up assessments at regular intervals. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore associations between exposure variables and uncontrolled T2DM. Significant associations were observed between vitamin D and C peptide levels with uncontrolled diabetes, with coefficients of -0.097 and -0.222, respectively. Higher vitamin D and C peptide levels are linked to a decreased likelihood of uncontrolled diabetes. In conclusion, there is a potential connection between vitamin D levels, C peptide levels, and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (HbA1C > 7%), while higher levels of both vitamin D and C peptide appeared to correlate with a decreased likelihood of uncontrolled diabetes.