Management of Diabetes Type-2 in our Population with Nutrition & Dietetics A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study

Abstract

Background: Consuming foods with a low glycemic index can lower blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetics. Different researches came to the conclusion that a person with type 2 diabetes must have some active insulin for the glucose metabolic pathway; as a result, reaching an equilibrium between the intake of carbs and the quantity of active insulin that is present in the biological system may lower blood glucose levels. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the current study will be to introduce lifestyle medicine awareness in the local population for the management of Diabetes type -2 and to improve the quality of human health. To assess the dietary patterns and nutrient intakes of people with Type 2 Diabetes in our population and evaluate the association between dietary factors and glycemic control in Type 2 Diabetes patients, to provide evidence-based recommendations for healthcare professionals and patients regarding nutrition and diet for diabetes management. Study Design: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study. Place and Duration: Current study was conducted in medical and surgical units of Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital from October 2022 to February 2023. Methodology: Total 200 male and female diabetic type-2 were selected for this study and divided them into two different groups. In Group-A 100 male and female individuals were taking daily meal regularly according to provided lifestyle change instructions (lifestyle medicine), while in Group-B 100 male and female individuals were those how were not fallow the provided lifestyle change instructions properly. In both groups only those individuals were considered who are using Metformin as a medicine for the treatment of their diabetes. Statistical analysis: Raw data was analyzed bio-statistically through the SPSS version 2020. Practical Implications: Current research is so informative for diabetic type-2 patients they can control their glucose levels with lifestyle medicine. Results: A total of 200 participants with type-2 diabetes were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was (54.4 ± 5.1, 54.4 ±6.3) years, and 52% were male and 48% female. The mean duration of type-2 diabetes was (10.20 ± 1.10, 10.20 ± 1.10) years, and (750.10 ± 1.10, 750.10 ± 1.10) of the participants were on oral hypoglycemic agents i.e. Metformin. After nutrition and dietetics intervention, there was a statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in glycemic control, as evidenced by a decrease in fasting and random blood glucose of both male and female after three months (90.05 ± 10.01, 88.05 ± 02.01, 156.04 ± 0.2, 280.01 ± 1.2) (p<0.05) and HbA1c (6.2%, 6.1%) in individuals of Group-A. Whereas there was no any significant (p<0.05) improvement in glycemic control was seen by a decrease in fasting and random blood glucose of both male and female after three months Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that a nutrition and dietetics approach can be an effective strategy for the management of type-2 diabetes in the population. It is recommended that registered dietitians work closely with patients with type-2 diabetes to develop individualized dietary plans and lifestyle modifications to improve glycemic control and other clinical outcomes. Keywords: Nutrition, Dietetics Mellitus, type-2 diabetes, Clinical outcomes, Intervention.