Case report: Complex internal mammary to pulmonary artery fistula as a cause of hemoptysis in tuberculosis: Diagnosis and endovascular management using ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx)

Abstract

A complex right internal mammary to right pulmonary artery fistula resulting in hemoptysis was successfully treated by embolization with a liquid, nonadhesive, embolic agent - ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx). There were no procedural complications and no recurrence of symptoms has been seen after 2 years of follow-up.