Punicalagin Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Pathological Changes in Brain of Mice-Fed High Fat, High Fructose Diet

Abstract

The present study investigated to know whether the pomegranate polyphenol punicalagin (PU) can ameliorate oxidative stress and pathological alterations induced by a calorie rich diet comprised of fat and fructose. Male Swiss albino mice were fed normal pellet (Control) or high fat-high fructose diet (HFFD) for 60 days. PU (30 or 60 mg/kg bw) was administered orally for the last 15 days for both dietary groups. Measurement of TBARS, AOPP and FRAP in plasma, histopathology of liver and brain, assessment of oxidative damage in brain tissues, and blood brain barrier function were carried out.  HFFD mice showed an increase in the levels of TBARS and AOPP, and a decline in FRAP. PU administration to HFFD mice reduced the levels of TBARS and AOPP and improved FRAP significantly. Histopathology results showed fatty changes and inflammatory infiltration in the liver of HFFD mice. Cortex and hippocampus of HFFD mice confirmed the presence of degenerating neurons with shrunken cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei. PU treatment caused significant hepato and neuroprotective effects, and among the two doses the high dose of PU (60 mg/kg) showed more pronounced effects than the low dose (30 mg/kg). The immunohistochemical localization of the markers of oxidative damage to proteins (3-NT), lipids (4-HNE) and DNA (8-OHG) was increased in  brain tissues of HFFD mice  and upon PU  administration (60 mg/kg) the  levels  of  these oxidative  stress markers were  significantly decreased.  Our  findings  clearly  suggest  that  PU  can  modulate  oxidative  stress  and  could  be  a  potential  candidate  for  treating neurodegenerative processes associated with calorie excess.