Clinical picture of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in children at Ruteng hospital

Abstract

Background: Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is the main cause of acute nephritis in children, globally reaches more than 470,000 cases per year, 97% of which occur in developing countries. Sublinical cases are 4 times more common than symptomatic, so reports on the incidence of acute PSGN are very limited. Methods: This study used a descriptive retrospective method from medical records at RSUD Ruteng from January to June 2023. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SSPS) 22 program. Results: Results of the study were obtained as 37 pediatric patients with acute PSGN. The patients age ranged 4-17 years with an average 9 years, 51.4% women and 48.6% men. Most cases occur after respiratory tract infections (75.7%). Symptoms of edema and hypertension (89.2% stage I and 10.8% stage II) was found in all patients and become the reason why patients come. Patients experienced macroscopic hematuria 16.2%. The laboratory test showed 100% microscopic hematuria, proteinuria in 72.1% and ASTO titer increased by more than 200 IU in all patients. Eleven patients with complications, acute renal failure (24.3%), hypertension encephalopathy (5.4%) and 1 patient with pulmonary edema. The average length of stay is 8 days (3-22 days). Conclusions: The incidence of acute PSGN at RSUD Ruteng within 6 months is quite high. Acute PSGN in children causes severe complicationsand longer treatment. The prevention is needed to care about the importance of clean and healthy living behavior.