Synergistically enhanced Ni-MOF/CNTs nanocomposite as an electrochemical platform for ultrasensitive determination of sotagliflozin in various matrices, with whiteness and blueness assessments

Abstract

An electrochemical sensing platform based on a nickel metal–organic framework/carbon nanotubes (Ni-MOF/CNTs) nanocomposite has been developed for the determination of sotagliflozin, the first dual sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitor recently approved by the FDA. The nanocomposite was synthesized using a simple one-pot solvothermal method and characterized by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The Ni-MOF/CNTs nanocomposite demonstrates superior electrochemical properties compared with its monocomponent counterparts, due to the synergistic combination of the advantages of both materials. The electrochemical behavior and the oxidation mechanism of sotagliflozin at the electrode surface were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Under optimal conditions, the sensor exhibits wide linearity across two concentration ranges: 8.0 × 10−10 to 6.0 × 10−7 M and 6.0 × 10−7 to 8.0 × 10−5 M, using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) with a detection limit of 2.65 × 10−10 M. Good recoveries (96.60–102.83%) were achieved in human plasma, urine, and tablets. The whiteness assessment confirms the method’s sustainability, while the blueness assessment demonstrates its applicability. The sensor’s outstanding performance addresses the unmet need for a simple and accurate tool for sotagliflozin determination in biological and pharmaceutical samples, as no existing analytical methods are available for its determination in different matrices. This makes it a valuable tool for sotagliflozin therapeutic drug monitoring, point-of-care diagnostics, and quality control.