Characterization of bleeding symptoms in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome

Abstract

Background: Easy bruising is included as a major or minor criterion for the classification of multiple types of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS). Despite a longstanding recognition of the association between EDS and bleeding, we still lack a definitive understanding of the frequency, severity, and types of bleeding complications in patients with EDS. Objectives: To evaluate hemorrhagic symptoms using the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis bleeding assessment tool (ISTH-BAT) in a cohort of patients with defined types of EDS. Methods: We utilized the ISTH-BAT to characterize hemorrhagic symptoms and their severity in a cohort of 52 patients with classical, classical-like, hypermobile, or vascular EDS and a matched group of 52 healthy control subjects. Results: The mean ISTH-BAT score was 0.1 for healthy subjects and 9.1 for patients with EDS (p < .0001). An abnormal ISTH-BAT score was observed in 32 of 52 (62%) patients with EDS and 0 of 52 healthy controls (p < .0001). The most frequent bleeding symptoms were bruising, muscle hematomas, menorrhagia, epistaxis, bleeding from the oral cavity, and bleeding after tooth extraction. Menorrhagia that was life-threatening or required surgery was reported in 7 of 52 (14%) patients with EDS. Conclusion: Patients with multiple types of EDS exhibit a wide range of bleeding symptoms ranging from mild to life-threatening episodes.