Síndrome metabólico

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome is a combination of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders that are related with insulin resistance and abdominal obesity, central axes of the syndrome that develop in metabolically susceptible individuals. The etiology is multifactorial, standing out metabolic factors such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia and the non-metabolic factors such as high blood pressure, inflammatory and prothrombotic factors. Treatment includes, in the first place, carrying out an adequate diet whose purpose is to improve insulin sensitivity and preventing or correcting the associated metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, this should be accompanied by regular physical exercise and adequate psychological support. Some drugs are available for the drug treatment of severe obesity, their indication still being limited in adolescents. In the glucose tolerance alterations, modification of styles of life improves both the glucose and cardiovascular risk factors. It is often necessary to use drug treatment, since changes in style of life are sometimes complicated in adolescents. Finally, the strategies for the prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome should be initiated in primary case, with programs aimed at the family setting of the child with risk of obesity and with programs developed in the school setting.