Inclusion of Diversity: Experiences of (in)Equality among Conscripts with a Migrant Background in the Finnish Defence Forces

Abstract

In this article, we analyse the inclusion of individuals with migrant backgrounds in a public institution through a case study of the Finnish Defence forces. We consider the extent to which individuals with a migrant background perceive existing structures and practices as ensuring equal inclusion within the Finnish Defence Forces, an institution traditionally characterised by ethnic homogeneity. We study (in)equality through the lenses of civic, social, cultural-religious and linguistic inclusion. The article is based on 24 interviews of conscripts with a migrant background. In terms of civic inclusion, most interviewees perceived the military environment, as less discriminatory than in the wider society. Moreover, cultural-religious diversity appeared to be adequately addressed, with well-established practices and routines for its management. However, practices regarding linguistic diversity did not receive the same level of consideration. In terms of social inclusion, some interviewees described experiencing bullying, which they considered to be related to their migrant background. The findings underscore the existence of well-established practices that promote intercultural and multicultural inclusion in a public institution, while they also highlight the need for heightened attention to certain critical aspects.