How Effective are the COVID-19 Fiscal-Support and RestartingTourism Policies Taken by the Top 3 European Destinations?

Abstract

We are facing a most unexpected situation in the travel & tourism industry. In this research, we want to check from an empirical perspective, the suitability and perspectives of different policies implemented among different governments, private companies, and stakeholders, who are thinking about useful policies to strengthen destinations. Countries all over the world have adopted a wide range of economic and social measures to respond to the crisis, in many cases supported by international and regional institutions. A closer look at some concrete measures adopted across the top-3-European destinations, Spain, Italy, and France, (World Tourism Organization, 2020), will demonstrate the achieved effectiveness, and the suitability to be implemented and replicated in more territories.