Protein tyrosine phosphatase-α amplifies transforming growth factor-β-dependent profibrotic signaling in lung fibroblasts

Abstract

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, often fatal, fibrosing lung disease for which treatment remains suboptimal. Fibrogenic cytokines, including transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b), are central to its pathogenesis. Protein tyrosine phosphatase-a (PTPa) has emerged as a key regulator of fibrogenic signaling in fibroblasts. We have reported that mice globally deficient in PTPa (Ptpra-/-) were protected from experimental pulmonary fibrosis, in part via alterations in TGF-b signaling. The goal of this study was to determine the lung cell types and mechanisms by which PTPa controls fibrogenic pathways and whether these pathways are relevant to human disease. Immunohistochemical analysis of lungs from patients with IPF revealed that PTPa was highly expressed by mesenchymal cells in fibroblastic foci and by airway and alveolar epithelial cells. To determine whether PTPa promotes profibrotic signaling pathways in lung fibroblasts and/or epithelial cells, we generated mice with conditional (floxed) Ptpra alleles (Ptpraf/f). These mice were crossed with Dermo1-Cre or with Sftpc-CreERT2 mice to delete Ptpra in mesenchymal cells and alveolar type II cells, respectively. Dermo1-Cre/Ptpraf/f mice were protected from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, whereas SftpcCreERT2/Ptpraf/f mice developed pulmonary fibrosis equivalent to controls. Both canonical and noncanonical TGF-b signaling and downstream TGF-b-induced fibrogenic responses were attenuated in isolated Ptpra-/- compared with wild-type fibroblasts. Furthermore, TGF-b-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of TGF-b type II receptor and of PTPa were attenuated in Ptpra-/- compared with wild-type fibroblasts. The phenotype of cells genetically deficient in PTPa was recapitulated with the use of a Src inhibitor. These findings suggest that PTPa amplifies profibrotic TGF-b-dependent pathway signaling in lung fibroblasts.