The Potential Effect of Daun Sirih (Piperaceae Leaf) on the Burn Wound Healing: A Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: Burn injuries, particularly among children and the elderly, result from heat, chemicals, or electricity, leading to skin and tissue damage. The wound healing process involves several stages, and infections from bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus can complicate healing. While burns are typically treated with antiseptics, traditional remedies like Piper betle (Piperaceae) are commonly used in Indonesia. Compounds in Piper betle—including flavonoids, saponins, and tannins—possess antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties that may enhance burn wound healing. Methods: This literature review synthesized data from various open-access online databases to evaluate the effects of Piper betle on burn wound healing. Results and Discussion: Piper betle, a medicinal plant from the Piperaceae family, accelerates wound healing through several mechanisms. Flavonoids form complexes with proteins, damaging bacterial cells; saponins enhance collagen production, and tannins disrupt bacterial cell walls. Studies confirm that Piper betle reduces inflammation and fosters tissue regeneration via antioxidant activity. Animal trials demonstrate significant improvements in burn wound healing, including faster wound contraction and recovery. Conclusion: Piper betle shows promise in accelerating burn wound healing due to its bioactive compounds. While existing studies support its effectiveness, further research is needed to assess the long-term safety and potential toxicity of Piperaceae-based treatments.