Ocular toxoplasmosis: A case report with review of literature

Abstract

Ocular toxoplasmosis is a potentially blinding necrotizing retinitis with a progressive and relapsing course. It presents as a localized retinochoroidal lesion in most of the cases and is the most common cause of posterior uveitis, world-wide. The incidence of ocular infection is very high, most of which are subclinical. Hence to highlight this blinding disease, which may escape detection and to emphasize its preventive measures so as to prevent the visual disability arising from it. We report a case of a 35-year-old male who had diminution of vision in his right eye since 10 years. His best-corrected vision in that eye was three meters finger counting. Fundus examination showed a well-defined pigmented scar on the macula in the right eye and 2 small peripheral pigmented scars in the left eye. Since it is a potentially blinding disease with recurrences, preventive measures should be taken to avoid it. Proper washing of hands and strict food hygiene are important. Pica prevention is an important measure in children. Pregnant women should avoid contact with cats. Patients with a retinochoroidal scar harbor cysts and are to be periodically monitored due to the high risk of recurrence. Prophylactic treatment is recommended for these patients before undergoing cataract surgery. Immunocompromised patients with ocular toxoplasmosis should undergo a complete neurological evaluation due to the high risk of intracranial involvement.