A Comprehensive Review of Distributed Control Techniques for the Operation of Modern Electrical Distribution Networks

Abstract

Currently, power systems are undergoing a rapid energy transition characterized by significant changes. This transformation encompasses the emergence of smart grids and microgrids, incorporating distributed generation, infrastructure digitization, the integration of prosumers, and the advancement of information and communication technologies. These developments necessitate that modern electrical networks adopt new architectures and control techniques, ensuring optimal operation, power system stability, and efficient economic and environmental management. Furthermore, these networks are required to achieve the objectives of advanced distribution network automation, encompassing remote control, automatic reconfiguration, asset management, fault location, and self-management. This review provides a comprehensive overview of distributed control techniques employed in the operation of distribution networks. A detailed analysis of several distributed control techniques is presented, including consensus and decomposition-based techniques, predictive control models, multi-agent systems, and distributed cooperation. The technical challenges and requirements associated with each of these techniques within the context of modern distribution network operation are also summarized. Lastly, the review delineates the advantages, disadvantages, and challenges associated with the implementation of distributed control techniques in the operation of electrical distribution networks.