Análisis panbiogeográfico de Enckea (Piperaceae), un pequeño clado de bosques secos en la filogenia de un gran género de bosques húmedos

Abstract

We performed a panbiogeographic analysis of the species of Piper that belong to the clade Enckea, aiming to establish a primary biogeographic homology hypothesis among Seasonal Dry Neotropical Forest (SDNF) areas of the Antilles, Central, and South America. We used 904 distribution records of 74 species to generate 50 individual tracks, 8 generalized tracks, and 4 nodes, which were located in different SDNF formations. The track analysis did not integrate the SDNF under a common origin hypothesis. Instead, the results are congruent with different tectonic events independently influencing diversification of plants and animals. The events that may explain the current distribution of species of Enckea include the rising of Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre del Sur, the stablishment of the Motagua-Polochic fault system, the rising of Cordillera de Talamanca, Panama's Isthmus, and the fragmentation of Panamazon by Northern Andean orogeny.