Eco-friendly synthesis of isatin-thiazolidine hybrid using graphene oxide catalyst in deep eutectic solvent and further evaluated for antibacterial, anticancer and cytotoxic agents

Abstract

The utilization of green syntheses is important for reducing environmental pollution. Many synthetic approaches have been developed for the synthesis of isatin-thiazolidine hybrids. However, none of these methods directly address a green methodology for the synthesis of this key organic scaffold. This work deals with the synthesis of isatin-thiazolidine hybrids using graphene oxide (GO) catalyst in deep eutectic solvent (DES) as a green media. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for in-vitro antibacterial, anticancer and cytotoxic activities. The tested compounds exhibited more antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. The compounds were observed to contain electron-withdrawing groups which displayed more bacterial inhibition. In summary, the current study reports that eco-friendly graphene oxide together with deep eutectic solvent catalyzed the synthesis of isatin-thiazolidine hybrids, whereby a high product yield was achieved in a short space of time. Although, newly synthesized compounds could not produce efficient biological activity, cytotoxicity instead.