Tools for estimating traffic emissions considering spatial scales and mitigation strategies: A systematic review

Abstract

Estimation of road traffic emissions is crucial for achieving sustainable development goals, particularly in urban areas where transportation significantly contributes. This study systematically reviews research utilizing traffic simulation tools and emission models to estimate road traffic emissions at regional, city, and district levels. It aims to offer practitioners and researchers practical guidance on selecting the most appropriate tools and models to predict traffic emissions based on spatial scope and strategic objectives for emissions mitigation. The findings emphasize the importance of aligning emission estimation methods with targeted mitigation strategies and spatial contexts. This review provides a valuable resource by illustrating optimal combinations of tools and models tailored to different spatial scales and policy goals.