L'innovation inverse : Clarification conceptuelle et essai d'évaluation quantitative

Abstract

In this paper we review the literature dealing with "reverse innovation". We particularly emphasize the definition, the consequences, the implications for RandD internationalization, and the issues related to global innovation management. The weak rate of economic growth is also considered. We suggest a methodology based on patenting and patent citations for delineating the scale and the scope of reverse innovation. Based on patenting from India we show the existence of two templates of reverse innovation: 1) one driven by Indian firms from the pharmaceutical industry, 2) another managed by MNCs from the North, leaders in the IT industry with affiliates in India.