A revision of the semiconductor theory from history to applications

Abstract

Semiconductors play a crucial role in modern technology across various fields. The term “semiconductor” was introduced in the XVIII century, marking the beginning of a journey filled with discoveries and technological advancements. This article offers a comprehensive review of the historical landmarks in semiconductor development and explores the associated phenomena concerning different types of photodetectors. It also examines the key performance metrics of commonly used semiconductor materials, considering the structural variations. Additionally, the article highlights various applications of semiconductors, illustrating their significance in everyday life. By doing so, it aims to engage new readers while providing a foundational understanding for those interested in delving into this field.