Plant communities of the desert shrubland in the Tambo and Moquegua rivers basins in the southern Peru

Abstract

We present a study of the floristic composition, phytosociological classification, ecology, and bioclimatology of the plant communities of desert environments between 1350 and 3200 m elevation, in Tambo and Moquegua rivers basins, of Moquegua region in the southern Peru. Following Braun-Blanquet method adapted by Montesinos-Tubée, 94 phytosociological surveys were carried out. TWINSPAN 2.3 software was applied to classify vegetation and CANOCO 4.5 for DCA analysis with environmental variables. Rivas-Martínez method was followed to bioclimatic classification. The results show 181 plant species, divided in 132 genera and 48 families, which 32 species are endemic and 121 are native. The vegetation analysis and classification describe three associations, five new sub-associations and two communities within the new Ambrosio artemisioidis-Weberbauerocerion torataensis alliance belonging to the order Oreocereo leucotrichi-Neoraimondietalia arequipensis and class Opuntietea sphaericae. Two tropical bioclimatic classifications were found: Termotropical and Mesotropical in combination with four levels of humidity or ombroclimates: Ultrahyperarid, Hyperarid, Arid, and Dry. The vegetation of arid environments in Moquegua is diverse and restricted to the hydrographic basins of Tambo and Moquegua rivers, reaching greater diversity and coverage thanks to the extraordinary rainfall of El Niño South Oscillation cycle.