Validation Methods of Analysis Heavy Metals Level Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) with Oxidator Variations by Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometry in Herbal Medicine

Abstract

The use of herbal medicines in Indonesia has been going on for thousands of years, before modern medicines were discovered and marketed. Traditional medicine is an ingredient or ingredients derived from plants, animals, minerals, sarian (galenic) preparations or mixtures of these materials, which for generations have been used for treatment based on experience. Indonesian traditional medicine or native Indonesian medicine, better known as herbal medicine, is generally a mixture of herbal medicines, which are medicines derived from plants. Plant parts that are used can be in the form of roots, stems, leaves, tubers or maybe all parts of the plant. In connection with the source and quality of raw materials for herbal medicines, effectiveness and safety are important roles in controlling the quality of herbal medicine formulations. Thick extracts or extracts derived from natural ingredients before being processed into herbal products must also meet the applicable quality requirements, such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) contamination. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) heavy metal contamination can occur in herbal medicinal products. The analytical method used to determine levels of lead and cadmium contamination must be validated. This study aims to validate the analysis method the levels of lead and cadmium heavy metal contamination in herbal medicine preparations in the City of Tasikmalaya. Sample preparation uses the wet destruction method using a variety of HNO3: H2O2 (3: 1) oxidizers, HNO3 : H2SO4 (3: 1) and HNO3 : HCl (3: 1). After obtaining the optimum destructive tools and processes, an analysis method was validated for the determination of levels of lead and cadmium contamination with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) which included linearity, detection limits, quantification limits, precision and accuracy.