Exploring the Effect of Energy Utilization Transition on Biodiversity: Evidence From the Poyang Lake Migratory Bird Nature Reserve

Abstract

As human development progresses, the conventional energy systems predominantly reliant on coal and oil have not only facilitated socioeconomic advancement but also imposed substantial ecological pressures on natural ecosystems. The over exploitation and utilization of conventional fossil fuels have exacerbated threats to biodiversity, thereby triggering global environmental issues such as escalated greenhouse gas emissions, deteriorating air quality, and water pollution, which severely disrupt ecological equilibrium. To tackle these challenges, the promotion of a sustainable energy transition has become a worldwide consensus. This study capitalizes on the widespread promotion of clean energy sources such as photovoltaics and wind power to investigate the ramifications of energy transformation on regional human societies and migratory bird systems, employing an analytical framework titled Energy Structure Transformation-Clean Energy Utilization-Habitat Modification. Utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) tools for data collection and analysis, this study evaluates the comprehensive niche width, relative niche width, and niche overlap of migratory bird habitats within the context of energy use transformation using an ecological niche model. Additionally, this study delves into the driving factors behind the impact of energy use transformation on the biodiversity of migratory bird sanctuaries, unveiling the potential implications of adjusting energy use structure for biodiversity conservation. The research findings consist of two main aspects. First, the implementation of a green energy transformation can effectively contribute to carbon reduction and enhance carbon sinks. Second, the utilization of clean energy has positive ecological implications that can facilitate improvements in migratory bird habitats, thereby supporting their nesting and reproductive activities. Based on these findings, the following policy recommendations are proposed. (1) Expand clean energy production capacity to facilitate carbon reduction initiatives. (2) Strengthen education and outreach programs on clean energy utilization to enhance public comprehension of carbon reduction strategies and promote the establishment of additional carbon sinks. (3) Enhance monitoring mechanisms for green electricity carbon sinks, providing incentives such as subsidies to farmers and consumers to advance biodiversity conservation efforts.