Prevalence and risk factors of abuse among older adults registered with health centers in Southern Tehran: a population-based study

Abstract

Background: Abuse of older adults is a significant issue in aging that can have profound and lasting impacts on the biological, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being of older adults. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of abuse among older adults registered with health centers in southern Tehran in 2018. Methods: This cross-sectional home-based study was conducted in 2018 and included 500 older adults aged 60 years and above residing in southern Tehran. Stratified random sampling with proportional weighting was used. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires, standard elder abuse assessment tool, activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL (IADL) scales, and a short cognitive impairment questionnaire (AMT). Data analysis was performed using STATA11 software. Results: Overall abuse prevalence was 78%, with psychological abuse (72.8%), caregiver neglect (59%) and Deprivation of authority (56%) most common. Significant risk factors included IADL dependence (OR = 0.62, 95%CI:0.49–0.79), cognitive impairment (OR = 0.58, 0.41–0.82), and primary education (OR = 5.15, 1.98–13.37). Limitations included potential response bias and a small cognitively impaired subgroup (n = 17). Conclusion: The high prevalence underscores the need for routine screening in health centers and caregiver education programs. Trial registration: Not applicable.