Immunohistochemical evaluation of hemostatic changes in glioblastoma multiforme and low-grade astrocytoma

Abstract

AIM: To compare glioblastoma multiforme with astrocytoma grade II by subjectively evaluating the levels of prothrombin and biotinylation thrombin, and G protein serum protease activatin receptors, as tissue factors causing hypercoagulation and affecting coagulation. MATERIAL and METHODS: Specimens from 35 cases with glioblastoma multiforme and 23 cases with astrocytoma grade II were evaluated immunohistochemically. The specimens were stained with hematoxylen-eosin and immunohistochemically for prothrombin, biotinylation thrombin and protease activating factor receptors to determine the correlation between the tumor malignancy and coagulation factor receptors. RESULTS: An increase in malignancy was seen to result in an increase in prothrombin, biotinylation thrombin, protein activator receptor 1, protein activator receptor 3, and protein activator receptor 4 levels, and a decrease in protein activator receptor 2 level. These data showed that there was hypercoagulability in glioblastoma multiforme. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U analysis were used to evaluate the results. CONCLUSION: In glioblastoma multiforme with no radiological evidence of hemorrhage, low molecular weight heparin should be administered peroperatively and continued for 3 months postoperatively to prevent the development of deep venous thrombosis. This will also be useful in the prevention of invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and tumour progression.