The importance of reducing the viral load to diminish the risk of COVID-19 spread

Abstract

We carried out a systematic review on the importance of reducing viral load, as a strategy to reduce the risk of infection or to diminish the severity of the disease. We selected 113 publications and analyzed the theoretical concepts and recommendations we made with the best medical evidence available. Viral load is related to the attack rate and severity of COVID-19. It has been recognized that the production of aerosols is the main source of contagion among health personnel. The risk of contagion is higher in closed and poorly ventilated spaces, where people stay with several individuals for a long time, without due distance and without protection. The contagion rate is higher than 80% and there is a very high mortality. Another source of super spread occurs among health personnel who have to care for COVID patients for long periods of time, and inhale their respiratory secretions, without having appropriate protective equipment. Surgeons and other professionals have to attend the public: unknown people who may be carriers of the virus; therefore, are exposed to contagion. The main preventive protection that will help us reduce the viral load is: the widespread use of masks, eye protection, distancing, hand hygiene and sanitation of the environment. Even though there is a lack of evidence regarding their effectiveness, these should be used for precaution and must be compulsory and universal.