Automated Hydroponic System Measurement for Smart Greenhouses in Algeria

Abstract

Increasing food security and water shortages need creative agricultural methods, especially in dry places like Algeria. This research examines an Arduino-controlled smart greenhouse system for hydroponic barley growing, addressing the demand for resource-efficient farming. The experiment at the University of Tebessa (34°09’16”N, 8°07’44”E) used a semi-cylindrical greenhouse (0.65m × 0.70m × 0.65m) with DHT22 sensors for temperature and humidity monitoring, photoresistors for lighting control, and controlled watering systems. The approach yielded 26% more barley (120g vs. 95g) in 10 weeks instead of 12 weeks. Compared to soil-based approaches, water use efficiency reached 50 g/L, a 70-90% decrease. Optimizing energy usage to 150 kWh saved 9% over prior smart greenhouse systems (165 kWh). To achieve 95% nutrient absorption efficiency, the automated control system maintained ideal growth conditions at 20-25°C and 60-80% relative humidity. Compared to conventional approaches, key performance indicators revealed significant improvements: average plant height grew by 18%, tiller count increased by 33%, and leaf area extended to 1000 cm². A semi-cylindrical design increased spatial efficiency by 20% and reduced disease outbreaks by 10%. These findings show that Arduino-based smart greenhouse technology may boost barley production efficiency and minimize resource usage, making it a viable alternative for sustainable agriculture in dry locations.