Effects of mulching and preemergence herbicide placement on yellow nutsedge control and ornamental plant quality in landscape beds

Abstract

Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) is one of the most troublesome and widespread perennial weeds infesting landscape plantings in the United States. Few selective herbicides are available for managing this weed. A combination of organic mulch with preemergence herbicide may improve control efficacy at tuber emergence and reduce the need for subsequent postemergence applications. However, limited information is available on potential interactions between herbicide placement and mulching and their effect on yellow nutsedge control and landscape plant growth and quality. In this study, control efficacy of preemergence herbicide s-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) applied at 0, 4, or 6 lb/acre above or under pine straw, pine nuggets, or shredded cypress mulches were evaluated in landscape beds infested with yellow nutsedge and planted with 'Mystery' gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides), 'Stella de Oro' daylily (Hemerocallis), and 'Big Blue' liriope (Liriope muscari). Pine nuggets provided greater yellow nutsedge control compared with shredded cypress during the first 6 weeks after treatment (WAT) in mulch-alone plots. All mulch-alone plots had similar yellow nutsedge shoot densities and were 40% to 60% less than untreated bare soil plots from 6 to 12 WAT. Control efficacy was greater when EPTC was applied under mulch compared with above-mulch applications regardless of mulch products. In addition, EPTC at low rate resulted in similar control as high rate when applied under mulch. No injury was observed on any ornamental plants treated with EPTC. Mulching improved growth, flowering, and overall visual quality of gardenia, but reduced number of flowers in daylily and aboveground biomass in liriope at some sample dates though their visual qualities were unaffected. Based on these preliminary data, EPTC applied preemergence before mulching a new landscape bed or replenishing an existing bed can improve yellow nutsedge control without injuring selected ornamental plants.